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Data viewer overview
This resource allows you to explore perinatal mortality rates across the UK. Use the sidebar to select the year and organisation type for which you want to see mortality rates. Optionally, select categories from the filters to narrow down your selection. Note: Filters vary with organisation type. Some organisation types (namely region) are not available for all years. On mobile and smaller screens, tap or click the menu button () to reveal the sidebar.
The Map and charts tab presents visualisations of mortality rates, along with the number of births, for the organisations that match your selection. Change the type of death (stillbirth, neonatal death, extended perinatal death) and type of mortality rate (crude, stabilised/stabilised & adjusted) shown in the charts using the toggle buttons at the top of the tab. (On smaller screens, these options appear in a dropdown list.)
In the map and charts, we categorise each organisation's mortality rate according to how it compares with the average rate. For trusts and health boards, we use the average for a trust/health board's comparator group; for other types of organisation, we use the UK average.
The map shows mortality rates and number of births based on organisations' geographic location. The scatter chart and bar chart show the spread of mortality rates and birth counts respectively. On smaller screens, use the Map and Charts buttons to switch between views.
Click or tap a point on a chart or select an organisation from the dropdown list at the top of the tab. You may also use the global search box at the top of the screen to find and select an organisation. Selecting an organisation shows more information about it, including data trends—mortality rates and number of births over time—and properties that correspond with the categories in the filters (for example, which comparator group a trust/health board belongs to). To deselect an organisation, click or tap its point on a chart, or click the Clear button next to the organisation list.
About types of deaths
We provide rates for stillbirths and neonatal deaths (deaths within the first 28 days of life) and also for these deaths combined—known as extended perinatal deaths. It is useful to both commissioners of health care and healthcare professionals to know if any of these rates fail to reach either local or national targets for reduction. This is because the things that might influence higher rates of death in certain areas, and the work that health services are doing to ensure there are strategies in place to avoid preventable deaths, will be different dependent on how and when the baby died.
About types of mortality rates
In MBRRACE-UK reporting, the crude mortality rate is simply the number of deaths for every 1,000 births within each organisation. This is a commonly used measure for mortality and is informative, in that it describes exactly what happened for births in a single year.
Where there is only a small number of births in an organisation it is difficult in any one year to be sure that any extreme value seen for the crude mortality rate is real and not just a chance finding. A stabilised mortality rate allows for the effects of chance variation due to small numbers. For this reason, the stabilised mortality rate will tend to be closer to the average mortality rate than will the crude mortality rate, especially for organisations with a small number of births.
Furthermore, some organisations have a high proportion of mothers in their local populations who are at particularly high risk of their baby dying before or shortly after birth. There are many reasons why some mothers are at higher risk, including for example being over the age of 40, living in poverty or being pregnant with twins or triplets. These differences in risk between different women mean that even if the care for any particular group of mothers was identical in two organisations, the organisation with the larger proportion of mothers at high risk would have the higher crude mortality rates.
In order to try to overcome this issue, and report a fairer comparison between health providers, we report stabilised & adjusted mortality rates as well as the crude rates. This stabilisation and adjustment, as far as is possible, takes into account such differences between populations.
Glossary of terms
- Clinical commissioning group
- Clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) were responsible for buying ("commissioning") maternity care on behalf of their local population. The establishment of integrated care boards resulted in clinical commissioning groups being closed down. Clinical commissioning groups are now sub-ICB locations (SICBLs).
- Comparator group
- Trusts and health boards are categorised and grouped together with similar organisations: either by the number of babies born in their organisation, or whether they have either a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) or a NICU and facilities for surgery for newborn babies. Mortality rates can vary between hospitals particularly if those hospitals care for larger numbers of babies or very sick babies. By grouping them together with other similar organisations there is likely to be a fairer comparison.
- Crown Dependency
- There are 3 Crown Dependencies: the Isle of Man and the Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey. They each have an independent government and are not part of the United Kingdom. The international community recognises that the United Kingdom has responsibility for the three territories but the relationship is one of support and partnership.
- Extended perinatal death
- For the purposes of MBRRACE-UK reporting, extended perinatal death refers to all stillbirths and neonatal deaths.
- Health board
- There are seven local health boards (LHBs) in Wales. Each LHB is responsible for delivering all NHS healthcare services within a geographical area. NHS Scotland consists of 14 regional NHS health boards, which are responsible for the protection and the improvement of their population's health and for the delivery of frontline healthcare services. Several special NHS boards and one public health body support the regional NHS boards by providing a range of important specialist and national services.
- Health & social care trust
- Health and social care in Northern Ireland is also a publicly funded service. There are 6 regional health & social care trusts. They differ from the rest of the UK in that they are responsible for managing staff, health and social care services.
- Integrated care board
- A statutory NHS organisation responsible for developing a plan for meeting the health needs of the population, managing the NHS budget and arranging for the provision of health services in the integrated care system (ICS) area. Integrated care boards (ICBs) were established as statutory bodies from 1 July 2022 and succeeded sustainability and transformation partnerships (STPs). The establishment of ICBs resulted in clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) being closed down.
- Integrated care system
- Integrated care systems (ICSs) are partnerships of organisations that come together to plan and deliver joined up health and care services, and to improve the lives of people who live and work in their area. Each ICS has an integrated care board (ICB), which is a statutory NHS organisation responsible for developing a plan in collaboration with NHS trusts/foundation trusts and other system partners for meeting the health needs of the population.
- Local authority
- Local authorities are responsible for improving the health of their local population, including children's public health services from pregnancy to age 5, health visiting.
- Neonatal death
- A neonatal death is a baby born at any time during the pregnancy who lives, even briefly, but dies within four weeks of being born.
- NHS trust
- An NHS trust is an organisation within the English NHS, generally serving either a geographical area or a specialised function, such as an ambulance service. In any particular location there may be several trusts involved in the different aspects of healthcare for a resident.
- Neonatal network
- The trusts (in England and Northern Ireland) and health boards (in Scotland and Wales) are responsible for delivering maternity and neonatal care for their patients. These trusts and health boards are organised into larger "networks" in order to ensure that a full range of care is available to everyone.
- NICU
- Neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) provide the highest level of care for the most complex pregnancies and births.
- Perinatal death
- A stillbirth or early neonatal death (an early neonatal death is a liveborn baby who died before 7 completed days after birth).
- Region
- NHS England comprises seven regions who support local systems to provide more joined up and sustainable care for patients. NHS regional teams are responsible for the quality, financial and operational performance of all NHS organisations in their region. They also support the identity and development of integrated care systems.
- Stillbirth
- A stillbirth is the death of a baby occurring before or during birth once a pregnancy has reached 24 weeks.
- Sub ICB location
- Sub ICB locations (SICBLs) represent the geographical areas of the former CCGs (adjusted where necessary to reflect boundary changes) and are used for operational purposes.
- Sustainability and transformation partnership
- Sustainability and transformation partnerships (STPs) were 42 areas covering all of England where local NHS organisations worked in collaboration with CCGs, local authorities, and other health and social care providers to improve quality of care, health and wellbeing, and efficiency of services based on local needs. Each of these areas were known as the "footprint". STPs are now integrated care boards (ICBs).
- Suppression (mortality rates)
- We have a legal duty to minimise the risk of unlawful disclosure of personal information about individuals. To help achieve this, we have suppressed (withheld from publication) the values of some mortality rates, typically for organisations where there are a small number of deaths.